Clinical understanding of commonly used painkillers for cancer

The clinical use of many kinds of analgesics for cancer pain drug also numerous, is the author of its Optional would like to brief several commonly used clinical pain painkillers.

1. As a result of two-gram (DHC Contin Tablets), tartaric acid dihydro codeine GITS

】 【Pharmacological effect on the central nervous system, resulting in analgesic effect; central role in the medulla oblongata cough, cough reflex inhibition, have a role in relieving cough. This product is a good oral absorption, after oral administration of 1.6-1.8h up to the peak, half-life of 3.5-4.5h, efficacy can be maintained 12h. In liver metabolism, mainly in the renal excretion.

Indications for the】 【moderate pain.

】 【Dosage and usage of each piece 1-2, 12h each time, a complete swallow.

】 【Adverse reactions may occur constipation, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and urinary retention.

2. MS (MS Contin, Continus Tablets, MST), controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets

【】 Oral pharmacological effect after 1h start, as the purpose-built for the controlled release, no blood in the valley, around 12h-keeping for clinical application.

】 【Indication of chronic severe pain (and morphine).

】 【Dosage and usage of each sub-12h 1, the dose according to the degree of pain, age and previous application of analgesics case may be, in order to complete pain 24h later. To be swallowed whole, not Jiaosui.

】 【Side effects of morphine and the same. Mainly nausea, vomiting, constipation and dizziness, respiratory depression than morphine tablets ordinary light, but may be more lasting. Ben Pinke have to rely on the body, but in the blood without relying on the spirit of the little valley.

3. Transdermal fentanyl (Fentanyl Transdermal System, Durogesic)

】 【Pharmacological opioid fentanyl is a highly efficient analgesic effect of morphine for 50-100 times. And the effect similar to morphine, with the exception of analgesic effect but also have a lower heart rate, respiratory suppression, to reduce the role of smooth muscle, such as peristalsis.

Transdermal patches can be characterized by a constant rate through the skin to play the role of pharmacology, and a small irritation to the skin. Used for the first time, about 6-12 hours after the serum can be effectively measured the concentration of ,12-24 hours to reach a relatively steady state.

】 【Indication-to-severe chronic pain.

】 【Dosage and usage from small doses of 25μg / h began to use film every 3 to replace 1st. Paste should be part of the trunk or upper arm flat area without hair, skin clean and dry, unsealed immediately after use, be sure to make membranes and skin smooth paste, solid. When affixed to the next update of its Office for the other.

】 【Adverse reactions may have dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, constipation, difficulty urinating, abdominal pain, sweating, irritability, dry mouth, and other adverse reactions. Among see more nausea and dizziness. In addition to individual drugs in patients with localized itching there, a sense of numbness or skin rash, remove the patch disappeared soon after.

4. Pamidronate (Aredia, Aredia)

Pharmacological】 【inhibit osteoclasts. In the body with bone mineral combination of osteoclasts and inhibit bone resorption. By lowering blood calcium levels and reduced calcium, phosphate in urine and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in the treatment of hypercalcemia.

】 【Indication of various types of cancer caused by hypercalcemia and osteolytic metastasis, multiple myeloma. Bone cancer can be slow dissolution of the lesion development of myeloma patients to reduce the incidence of adverse events.

【】 General usage and dosage for each 15-90mg, dissolved in saline or 5% glucose infusion in 500ml of about 4 hours. Onset time for 3-7 days. Hypercalcemia patients can improve the appropriate dose of medication or 5 days each time.

【】 The most common side effects of flu-like side effects are fever, general continued a 24-hour or so, they are free to resume the second time when the administration in general no longer occur, or very light.